The Japanese Origins of the Word 'Tsunami'

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August 1, 2025 | 08:13 am

TEMPO.CO, Jakarta - A tsunami warning has been lifted for the Kamchatka region of Russia after it was hit by an 8.7-magnitude earthquake. "Dear residents and visitors to the Kamchatka region, our colleagues from the State Emergency Situations Ministry have lifted the tsunami alert," said Sergei Lebedev, the Minister of Emergency Situations of the Kamchatka region, Russia on Wednesday, July 30, 2025, in a video statement published on the local government's Telegram channel, as quoted by Antara.

"Tsunami" refers to large waves that hit the land. Tsunami has become a standard term in the international scientific world, originating from the Japanese language, according to the NPR.

The Origin of the Word Tsunami

Tsunami is formed from two words in Japanese. Tsu means harbor, and Nami means wave. So, a tsunami can be translated as a harbor wave. This naming is rooted in the experiences of ancient Japanese fishermen, who, upon returning, found their harbor destroyed, but they felt high waves while at sea. Upon reaching the harbor, the impact of the waves could be seen, so the people of ancient Japan referred to the event as a tsunami, as quoted by Britannica.

This term began to be known in Japanese literature around the 17th century, especially after a major earthquake in the Sanriku region in 1611. However, the international community only began to widely recognize this term after the powerful Sanriku tsunami in 1896.

After that event, scientific reports began to use the word "tsunami." Over time, this term replaced the previous term, "tidal wave."

The previous use of the term tidal wave often confused because it associated tsunamis with sea tides caused by the gravitational pull of the moon or sun. However, tsunamis are a result of sudden disturbances on the sea floor, such as earthquakes, underwater volcanic eruptions, or landslides. The scientific community encouraged the more accurate use of the term tsunami and to avoid confusion.

Over time, and especially after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, the term tsunami became more deeply rooted as a global term. Now, the term tsunami is officially used in international disaster documents, including by organizations such as UNESCO and the UN, without being translated into other languages, according to the UNESCO Glossary.

Sita Planasari contributed to the writing of this article

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